Scanners

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Installing scanner support

Scanner support is provided by the SANE library. To enable scanner support, amend your system configuration like so:

Breeze-text-x-plain.png
/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

{
  ...
  hardware.sane.enable = true; # enables support for SANE scanners
  ...
}

Users in the scanner group will gain access to the scanner, or the lp group if it’s also a printer. To add yourself to these groups, amend your system configuration as follows:

Breeze-text-x-plain.png
/etc/nixos/configuration.nix

{
  ...
  users.users.YOURUSERNAME.extraGroups = [ "scanner" "lp" ];
  ...
}

Testing scanner support

To determine if your scanner is supported by SANE: 

$ scanimage -L

If you can only see scanners when running as root, try adding the user to the scanner or lp groups, either using the method given above, or as follows (beware, don't forget to logout/login after running this command): 

$ sudo usermod -a -G scanner,lp username

Supported backends

See the Supported Devices page to check if your scanner is supported. Some backends are proprietary and are not installed by default; see below. You may also be interested in "driverless" scanning (see below) if your scanner supports Apple AirScan and/or Microsoft WSD.

Driverless Apple AirScan and Microsoft WSD

A large number of printers now support "driverless" scanning. As explained at the sane-airscan backend project:

Driverless scanning comes in two flavors:

  • Apple AirScan or AirPrint scanning (official protocol name is eSCL)
  • Microsoft WSD, or WS-Scan (Web Services for Devices)

This backend implements both protocols, choosing automatically between them. It was successfully tested with many devices from Brother, Canon, Dell, Kyocera, Lexmark, Epson, HP, Panasonic, Ricoh, Samsung and Xerox, both in WSD and eSCL modes.

For eSCL devices, Apple maintains a comprehensive list of compatible devices. This list has scanners, multifunction devices and pure printers.

eSCL/Apple Airscan scanners should be found natively by the default escl backend. However, the sane-airscan third party backend is more actively maintained and you may have better luck using it: 

hardware.sane.extraBackends = [ pkgs.sane-airscan ];

It can be that your scanner is found twice (once by escl and once by airscan, in this case disable escl: 

hardware.sane.disabledDefaultBackends = [ "escl" ];

To detect Microsoft WSD "driverless" scanning, also use the sane-airscan backend.

If the scanner is connected by USB, also set the following option: 

services.ipp-usb.enable=true;

HP

hardware.sane.extraBackends = [ pkgs.hplipWithPlugin ];

Epson

If your scanner is listed as supported by the epkowa backend: 

hardware.sane.extraBackends = [ pkgs.epkowa ];

Some other scanners (see list) need the utsushi backend: 

hardware.sane.extraBackends = [ pkgs.utsushi ];
services.udev.packages = [ pkgs.utsushi ];

SnapScan firmware

Many scanners require firmware blobs which can be downloaded from the website of the scanner or extracted from the drivers they provide. Once you have the appropriate firmware you need to tell SANE where to find it in your configuration.nix: 

{
  hardware.sane.enable = true;
  hardware.sane.drivers.scanSnap.enable = true;
  # the below may be necessary
  nixpkgs.config.sane.snapscanFirmware = pkgs.fetchurl {
    # https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Scanner/Epson_Perfection/#Unterstuetzte-Geraete
    url = "https://media-cdn.ubuntu-de.org/wiki/attachments/52/46/Esfw41.bin"; #Epson Perfection 2480
    sha256 = "00cv25v4xlrgp3di9bdfd07pffh9jq2j0hncmjv3c65m8bqhjglq";
  };
}

Brother

Brother currently provides four different scanner backends for various generations of its scanners. The newest (brscan4) is supported as a loadable submodule in NixOS. It can be activated by importing the appropriate file into /etc/nixos/configuration.nix: 

{
  ...
  imports = [
    <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/hardware/sane_extra_backends/brscan4.nix>
    ./hardware-configuration.nix
  ];
  ...
}

Then just add a scanner in the sane module: 

{
  ...
  hardware = {
    sane = {
      enable = true;
      brscan4 = {
        enable = true;
        netDevices = {
          home = { model = "MFC-L2700DN"; ip = "192.168.178.23"; };
        };
      };
    };
  };
  ...
}

In some cases, configuration changes may not take effect until after a reboot.

GIMP support

To enable support for scanning in GIMP:

  1. You need to install a special version of xsane, which you can enable by amending /etc/nixos/configuration.nix as follows: 
    {
  ...
  nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs: {
    xsaneGimp = pkgs.xsane.override { gimpSupport = true; };
  };
  ...
}
  2. Rebuild: 
    $ sudo nixos-rebuild switch
  3. Finally, you will need to manually create a symlink: 
    $ ln -s /run/current-system/sw/bin/xsane ~/.config/GIMP/2.10/plug-ins/xsane

Network scanning

If NixOs cannot find a scanner located on your network, you may be interested in adding in your configuration.nix: 

{
  ...
  services.avahi.enable = true;
  services.avahi.nssmdns = true;
  ...
}

Currently (2017-08-16) the SANE backend does not support overriding according to Issue.pngnixpkgs issue #17411. The workaround for this is to download michaelrus's sane-extra-config.nix, copy it to /etc/nixos/sane-extra-config.nix and import it in /etc/nixos/configuration.nix as follows: 

{
  ...
  imports = [
    ...
    ./sane-extra-config.nix
    ...
  ];
 ...
 hardware.sane.extraConfig."magicolor" = ''
   net 10.0.0.30 0x2098
 ''; # Magicolor 1690mf
 ...
}

Using the scanner button

Many scanners feature a hardware button which makes for very convenient operation, especially in combination with an automated document processing system like paperless. NixOS includes the scanner button daemon scanbd which can be used for this purpose; however, its setup isn't terribly user friendly.

Basic scanbd configuration requires us to provide:

  1. a config file;
  2. a script to execute the scanning sequence;
  3. a systemd service that loads the config file, starts polling the scanner, and executes the script when it detects a button press.

There is a more advanced configuration which allows sharing the scanner with SANE frontends, but I haven't yet figured out how to set this up under NixOS (the config is a bit recursive).

Full documentation is in the project README.

kliu's blog includes in his writeup a nice script, bits of which have been cribbed here.

Here is a working derivation that dumps the scanned document into the paperless intake directory; you'll need to modify it to suit your own needs. 

{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

with lib;

let
  configDir = "/etc/scanbd";
  saneConfigDir = "${configDir}/sane.d";

  scanbdConf = pkgs.writeText "scanbd.conf"
    ''
      global {
        debug = true
        debug-level = ${toString config.services.scanbd.debugLevel}
        user = ${config.services.scanbd.user}
        group = ${config.services.scanbd.group}
        scriptdir = ${configDir}/scripts
        pidfile = ${config.services.scanbd.pidFile}
        timeout = ${toString config.services.scanbd.timeOut}
        environment {
          device = "SCANBD_DEVICE"
          action = "SCANBD_ACTION"
        }

        multiple_actions = true
        action scan {
          filter = "^scan.*"
          numerical-trigger {
            from-value = 1
            to-value = 0
          }
          desc = "Scan to file"
          script = "scan.script"
        }
        ${config.services.scanbd.extraConfig}
      }
    '';

  scanScript = pkgs.writeScript "scanbd_scan.script"
    ''
      #! ${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash
      export PATH=${lib.makeBinPath [ pkgs.coreutils pkgs.sane-frontends pkgs.sane-backends pkgs.ghostscript pkgs.imagemagick ]}
      set -x
      date="$(date --iso-8601=seconds)"
      filename="Scan $date.pdf"
      tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
      pushd "$tmpdir"
      scanadf -d "$SCANBD_DEVICE" --source "ADF Duplex" --mode Gray --resolution 200dpi

      # Convert any PNM images produced by the scan into a PDF with the date as a name
      convert image* -density 200 "$filename"
      chmod 0666 "$filename"

      # Remove temporary PNM images
      rm --verbose image*

      # Atomic move converted PDF to destination directory
      paperlessdir="/var/lib/paperless/consume"
      cp -pv "$filename" $paperlessdir/"$filename".tmp &&
      mv $paperlessdir/"$filename".tmp $paperlessdir/"$filename" &&
      rm "$filename"

      popd
      rm -r "$tmpdir"
    '';

in

{

  ###### interface
  options = {

    services.scanbd.enable = mkOption {
      type = types.bool;
      default = false;
      description = ''
        Enable support for scanbd (scanner button daemon).

        <note><para>
          If scanbd is enabled, then saned must be disabled.
        </para></note>
      '';
    };

    services.scanbd.user = mkOption {
      type = types.str;
      default = "scanner";
      example = "";
      description = ''
        scanbd daemon user name.
      '';
    };

    services.scanbd.group = mkOption {
      type = types.str;
      default = "scanner";
      example = "";
      description = ''
        scanbd daemon group name.
      '';
    };

    services.scanbd.extraConfig = mkOption {
      type = types.lines;
      default = "";
      example = ''
        device canon {
          filter = "^genesys.*"
          desc = "Canon LIDE"
          action file {
            filter = "^file.*"
            desc = "File"
            script = "copy.script"
          }
        }
        '';
      description = ''
        Extra configuration lines included verbatim in scanbd.conf.
        Use e.g. in lieu of including device-specific config templates
        under scanner.d/
      '';
    };

    services.scanbd.pidFile = mkOption {
      type = types.str;
      default = "/var/run/scanbd.pid";
      example = "";
      description = ''
        PID file path.
      '';
    };

    services.scanbd.timeOut = mkOption {
      type = types.int;
      default = 500;
      example = "";
      description = ''
        Device polling timeout (in ms).
      '';
    };

    services.scanbd.debugLevel = mkOption {
      type = types.int;
      default = 3;
      example = "";
      description = ''
        Debug logging (1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4-7=debug)
      '';
    };

  };

  ###### implementation
  config = mkIf config.services.scanbd.enable {

      users.groups.scanner.gid = config.ids.gids.scanner;
      users.users.scanner = {
        uid = config.ids.uids.scanner;
        group = "scanner";
      };

      environment.etc."scanbd/scanbd.conf".source = scanbdConf;
      environment.etc."scanbd/scripts/scan.script".source = scanScript;
      environment.etc."scanbd/scripts/test.script".source = "${pkgs.scanbd}/etc/scanbd/test.script";

      systemd.services.scanbd = {
        enable = true;
        description = "Scanner button polling service";
        documentation = [ "https://sourceforge.net/p/scanbd/code/HEAD/tree/releases/1.5.1/integration/systemd/README.systemd" ];
        script = "${pkgs.scanbd}/bin/scanbd -c ${configDir}/scanbd.conf -f";
        wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
        aliases = [ "dbus-de.kmux.scanbd.server.service" ];
      };
}


See also

Scanner firmware files

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