View source for Nix to Debian phrasebook

{{note|Merge with [[Cheatsheet]]}}

{|
!width="18%"| Task
!width="25%"| Ubuntu
!width="27%"| NixOS (system-wide and root)
!width="28%"| NixOS (user) and Nix in general
|-
| Install a package
| <code>sudo apt-get install emacs</code>
| In /etc/nixos/configuration.nix: <code>systemPackages = with pkgs; [ <other packages...> emacs ];</code>
| <code>nix-env -iA nixpkgs.emacs</code>
|-
| Uninstall a package
| <code>sudo apt-get remove emacs</code>
| remove from /etc/nixos/configuration.nix: <code>sudo nixos-rebuild switch</code>
| <code>nix-env -e emacs</code>
|-
| Uninstall a package removing its configuration
| <code>apt-get purge emacs</code>
| All configuration is in configuration.nix
|

|-
| Update the list of packages
| <code>sudo apt-get update</code>
| <code>sudo nix-channel --update</code>
| <code>nix-channel --update</code>
|-
| Upgrade packages
| <code>sudo apt-get upgrade</code>
| <code>sudo nixos-rebuild switch</code>
| <code>nix-env -u</code>
|-
| Check for broken dependencies
| <code>sudo apt-get check</code>
| <code>nix-store --verify --check-contents</code>
| unneeded!
|-
| List package dependencies
| <code>apt-cache depends emacs</code>
| <code>nix-store --query --requisites $(readlink -f /run/current-system) &amp;&amp; nix-store -q --tree /nix/var/nix/profiles/system</code>
| <code>nix-store --query --references $(nix-instantiate '<nixpkgs>' -A emacs)</code>
|-
| List which packages depend on this one (reverse dependencies)
| <code>apt-cache rdepends emacs</code>
| For installed packages (only print reverse dependencies ''which are already installed''): <code>nix-store --query --referrers $(which emacs)</code>
|

|-
| Verify all installed packages
| <code>debsums</code>
| <code>sudo nix-store --verify --check-contents</code>
| <code>nix-store --verify --check-contents</code>
|-
| Fix packages with failed checksums
| Reinstall broken packages
| <code>sudo nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair</code>
| <code>nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair</code>
|-
| Select major version and stable/unstable
| Change sources.list and apt-get dist-upgrade. A an extremely infrequent and destructive operation. The nix variants are safe and easy to use.
| Add the unstable channel. At that address you will find names for other versions and variants. Name can be any string. <code>nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable <name></code>Remove a channel. <code>nix-channel --remove <name></code><br>Show all installed channel. <code>nix-channel --list</code>
| When run by a user channels work locally, when run by root they're used as the system-wide channels.
|-
| Private package repository
| PPA
| Define your package tree as in the general column, and include it in configuration.nix, then list your packages in systemPackages to make them available system wide.
|

|-
| Configure a package
| sudo dpkg-reconfigure <package>
| edit /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
| edit ~/.nixpkgs/config.nix
|-
| Find packages
| <code>apt-cache search emacs</code> or <code>apt search</code>
| <code>nix-env -qaP '.*emacs.*'</code>
| <code>nix-env -qaP '.*emacs.*'</code>
|-
| Find a package which provides a file
| with <code>apt-file</code> installed: <code>apt-file search bin/emacs</code>
| with <code>nix-index</code> installed: <code>nix-locate bin/emacs</code>
| <code>nix-locate bin/emacs</code>
|-
| Show package description
| <code>apt-cache show emacs</code>
| <code>nix-env -qa --description '.*emacs.*'</code>
| <code>nix-env -qa --description '.*emacs.*'</code>
|-
| Show files installed by package
| <code>dpkg -L emacs</code>
| <code>du -a $(readlink -f $(which emacs))</code>
|

|-
| Show package for file
| <code>dpkg -S /usr/bin/emacs</code>
| follow the symlink
| follow the symlink
|-
| Adding a user
| sudo adduser alice
| Add <code>users.extraUsers.alice = { isNormalUser = true; home = "/home/alice"; description = "Alice Foobar"; extraGroups = [ "wheel" "networkmanager" ]; openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = [ "ssh-dss AAAAB3Nza... alice@foobar" ]; };</code> to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix. Then run <code>nixos-rebuild switch</code>
|

|-
| List binaries
| <code>ls /usr/bin/</code>
| <code>ls /run/current-system/sw/bin &amp;&amp; ls /nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin/</code>
| <code>ls ~/.nix-profile/bin</code>
|-
| Get the current version number
| <code>cat /etc/debian_version</code>
| <code>nixos-version</code>
| <code>nix-instantiate --eval '<nixpkgs>' -A lib.nixpkgsVersion</code>
|-
| Get sources for a package
| <code>apt-get source emacs</code>
| In Debian, apt-get source gets both the patched upstream source and the recipe for the package. Those need two steps in Nix. To find the package recipe: <code>grep -r emacs $(nix-instantiate --eval --expr '<nixpkgs>')</code><br>To download the source as specified by the package recipe: <code>nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A emacs.src</code><br>The patched source is usually not a derivation itself, but can be produced for most packages with the following command: <code>nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A emacs --command 'unpackPhase; patchPhase'</code><br>Compile &amp; install a package from source <code>git clone foobar &amp;&amp; echo "with import <nixpkgs> { }; stdenv.lib.overrideDerivation foobar (oldAttrs: { src = ./foobar })" > default.nix &amp;&amp; nix-build</code>
|

|-
| Install a .deb
| <code>dpkg -i package.deb</code>
| Install dpkg with Nix, then <code>dpkg -i package.deb</code>
|

|}