View source for Dual Booting NixOS and Windows

= Bootloader =

This section explains various methods to have the bootloader prompt whether to boot windows or NixOS.

== Autodetection with systemd-boot ==

If <code>\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi</code> is detected on the EFI System Partition (ESP), it will be loaded by systemd-boot automatically.
Therefore, on EFI systems, it may be simplest to resize the existing ESP to at least 500 megabytes, and share that ESP for NixOS.

== Autodetection with os-prober (GRUB) ==

<code>os-prober</code> is a tool to autodetect which other systems are present on the machine. Grub can be
told to use os-prober to add a menu-entry for each of them.

{{File|/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|<nowiki>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
  # ...
  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
  boot.loader.grub.device = "nodev";
  boot.loader.grub.useOSProber = true;
  # ...

}</nowiki>}}

== Manual bootloader configuration ==
In case <code>os-prober</code> does not detect your windows partition you can configure your bootloader manually to find it.

=== MBR ===

All MBR bootloaders will need at least some configuration to chainload Windows.

==== Grub  ====

Here is an example config:

{{File|/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|<nowiki>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
  # ...
  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
  boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda";
  boot.loader.grub.extraEntries = ''
    menuentry "Windows 7" {
      chainloader (hd0,1)+1
    }
  '';
}</nowiki>}}
Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/NixOS/comments/31lx3i/windows_and_nixos_dual_boot/

=== EFI ===

After setting up a 256mb EFI Partition dualboot should work out of the box (at least for windows10)

Source: https://zimbatm.com/journal/2016/09/09/nixos-window-dual-boot/ ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170523065625/https://zimbatm.com/journal/2016/09/09/nixos-window-dual-boot/ Archive.org Mirror])

Here is another article that documents dual booting NixOS and Windows on a Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon (6th Gen): https://github.com/andywhite37/nixos/blob/master/DUAL_BOOT_WINDOWS_GUIDE.md

==== Grub ====

<nowiki>systemd-boot</nowiki> can not load EFI binaries from other partitions,
and a pre-existing EFI partition from a Windows install may be smaller than we would like our <nowiki>/boot</nowiki> partition to be. If we still want Windows and NixOS to use the same EFI partition, we can use GRUB instead.

Here we assume:
* the EFI partition has been mounted on <nowiki>/boot/efi</nowiki>
* <code>$FS_UUID</code> is the UUID of the EFI partition
* the <code>boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;</code> line added to configuration.nix by <code>nixos-generate-config</code> has been removed

{{File|/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|<nowiki>
{ config, ... }:

{
  boot.loader = {
    efi = {
      canTouchEfiVariables = true;
      # assuming /boot is the mount point of the  EFI partition in NixOS (as the installation section recommends).
      efiSysMountPoint = "/boot";
    };
    grub = {
      # despite what the configuration.nix manpage seems to indicate,
      # as of release 17.09, setting device to "nodev" will still call
      # `grub-install` if efiSupport is true
      # (the devices list is not used by the EFI grub install,
      # but must be set to some value in order to pass an assert in grub.nix)
      devices = [ "nodev" ];
      efiSupport = true;
      enable = true;
      # set $FS_UUID to the UUID of the EFI partition
      extraEntries = ''
        menuentry "Windows" {
          insmod part_gpt
          insmod fat
          insmod search_fs_uuid
          insmod chain
          search --fs-uuid --set=root $FS_UUID
          chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
        }
      '';
      version = 2;
    };
  };
}</nowiki>}}

==== EFI with multiple disks ====

When Windows is installed on another disk with a separate EFI partition, the following might work:

{{File|/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|<nowiki>
{ config, ... }:

{
  boot.loader = {
    efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
    grub = {
      enable = true;
      devices = [ "nodev" ];
      efiSupport = true;
      useOSProber = true;
    };
  };
}</nowiki>}}

= System time =

System clock might be incorrect after booting Windows and going back to the NixOS. It can be fixed by either setting RTC time standard to UTC on Windows, or setting it to localtime on NixOS.

Setting RTC time standard to localtime, compatible with Windows in its default configuration:

{{File|/etc/nixos/configuration.nix|nix|<nowiki>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: {
  # ...
  time.hardwareClockInLocalTime = true;
  # ...
}</nowiki>}}

Sources:
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/System_time#Time_standard Arch Wiki  - System time - Time standard]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#Windows_installed_in_UEFI-GPT_Mode_menu_entry Arch Wiki GRUB article]
* [https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/install-grub.pl NixOS GRUB installer] (check the code block beginning with <nowiki># install EFI GRUB</nowiki>)

[[Category:Cookbook]]